Technical references & publication scope

Reference reading

• GEA — falling-film evaporation principle

  General arrangement and distribution considerations.

• Tetra Pak Dairy Processing Handbook — evaporators

  Effect arrangements and vapour recompression; dairy examples are not juice specifications.

• Tetra Pak Orange Book — fruit processing

  Citrus concentration context and volatile-component recovery.

Reviewed 20 September 2026. Sources do not certify this website, its equipment or an individual project. No manufacturer capacity figures have been adopted as our own.

Using the tools

The original mass-balance calculator uses conservation of non-volatile solids under its stated assumptions. It is a procurement aid, not a process safety calculation or a complete evaporator design.